What’s New
New or Recently Updated Documents
Note: See the date on the Neonatology Job Directory’s main page to find out when it was last updated.
Posted on 10/24/2026:
- M. and Mme. A. de Miomandre
- Exposition Nationale et Coloniale Rouen 1896 – Corrected and expanded with new information
- Exposition Nationale d’Angers 1895
Posted on 10/20/2026:
- Hearson’s Thermostatic Nurse – Updated and expanded with additional information
- The History of Pediatrics and its Relation to Other Sciences and Arts, by Abraham Jacobi, Archvies of Pediatrics, November, 1904.
- Exposition de Charleroi, 1895
Posted on 10/18/2026:
- V. Mueller & Co. Incubators
- Truax, Greene & Co. Incubators
- Charles Lentz & Sons Incubators
- Luna-Park, Porte Maillot (Paris)
- Esposizione Internazionale di Roma 1911 – updated
- Exposizione Internazionale d’Industria e de Laboro, Turin 1911 – updated
Posted on 10/11/2026:
- Expoziţia Generală Română, 1906 [Romanian General Exhibition of 1906 in Bucarest]
Posted on 10/9/2026:
- Hospice des Enfants-Assistés, Paris
- “Les Couveuses d’Enfants“, Cosmos, September 15, 1900. Mentions both the Lion and Maternité Sainte-Anne exhibits. English translation.
- Dépopulation et Puériculture, by Paul Strauss,1901.
- Geneay, E.: Prématurés et Débiles. Thesis, Paris, 1899.
- An Infant Incubator, from JAMA December 4, 1897. Mentions Lion’s New York branch of Œuvre Maternelle des Couveuses d’Enfants.
- Enfants Débiles et Nés Avant Terme. Couveuses d’Enfants from La Protection de l’Enfance en Belgique, by Arthur Levoz, Bruxelles, 1902.
- Roux, Jules: Étude sur L’Élevage Artificiel des Enfants nés Avant Terme, Thesis, 1891.
- Machine translation to English of Chapters 2-6. These chapters in Jules Roux’s 1891 thesis contain a unique third-party account of the earliest model of Lion’s incubator, which he patented in 1889 (patent 201550), when he was still exhibiting live babies in incubators in Marseille in 1890 for the first time. The address given in the paper, 101 Avenue du Prado, Marseille, is consistent with the address given in contemporary news accounts.
- Pascaud, M. V.: La Couveuse Artificielle chez les Nouveau-Nés. Thesis, 1899.
Posted on 10/3/2026:
- Woman’s Exhibition in Earl’s Court, London, 1900 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Diseases of Nutrition and Infant Feeding, by John Morse and Fritz Talbot, 1915.
- Infant-Feeding in its Relation to Health and DIsease, 2nd Edition, by Louis Fischer, 1902.
- Human Incubators, The Editors, Nature, February 25, 1897.
- Obstetrics for Nurses, by Joseph B. De Lee, 1904. Contains section on care of the premature infant. Source: Google Books.
- Ambulance for Transportation of Premature Infants, by Julius Hess, JAMA 90(7):541, Feb. 18, 1928.
- Keizer, Dirk P. R.: De Couveuse-Behandeling van Praemature Kinderin in de Amsterdamsche Vrouwenkliniek over de Jaren 1921-1926. Academic Thesis, 1928. Source: Internet Archive.
- Machine translation to English of Chapter 4, which contains an interesting historical survey of incubators, many of them obscure.
Posted on 10/1/2026:
Posted on 9/30/2026:
Posted on 9/29/2026:
- L’Esposizione Generale Italiana del 1898 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
Posted on 9/14/2026:
- Victorian Era Exhibition in Earl’s Court, 1897 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
Posted on 9/9/2026:
- Internationale Ausstellung für Körperliche Erziehung, Gesundheitspflege und Sport, Innsbruck, 1896
- Œuvre Maternelle des Couveuses d’Enfants, Amiens
Posted on 9/5/2026:
Posted on 9/1/2026:
- Exposition Universelle et Internationale Gand, 1913 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
Posted on 8/30/2026:
- Exposition Coloniale de Marseille, 1906 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Exposition Internationale des Applications de l’Électricité, Marseille 1908 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Exposition Internationale de l’Est de la France, 1909 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
Posted on 8/15/2026:
- Exposition Provinciale de Gand 1899 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Exposition Universelle et Internationale de Bruxelles, 1910 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Ylppö, Arvo: Zur Physiologie, Klinik und zum Schicksal der Frühgeborenen [Physiology, clinical course and outcome of premature infants], Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde, 1919. Source: Google Books.
- Clementovsky, A: Die Zellgewebsverhärtung der Neugeborenen, 1873. Source: Google Books.
- Machine-assisted English translation
- Fürst, L.: Über Wärmevorrichtungen für zu früh geborene oder lebensschwache Kinder [On Warming Devices for Prematurely Born or Constitutionally Weak Children], 1887. Source: HathiTrust.
- Part 1, Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift 13(34):749-752, Aug. 25, 1887
- Part 2, Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift 13(35):772-775, Sept. 1, 1887.
- Machine-assisted English translation
Posted on 8/1/2026:
- Liège Exposition Universelle et Internationale, 1905 – updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Lyon Exposition Universelle et Coloniale, 1894 – Updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- Bordeaux Exposition of 1895 – Updated and expanded based on newly located sources
- English translation of Dr. Ciaudo’s booklet about the Maternité Lion in Nice
- Oeuvre Maternelle des Couveuses d’Enfants, Lyon
Posted on 7/29/2026:
Posted on 7/15/2026
- Exposition de Nantes, 1904
- Exposition du Nord de la France, 1904
- H. Galante et Fils Catalog – Tarnier-Auvard Incubators 1885
Posted on 7/4/2026:
- Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Cork International Exhibition, Ireland, 1902-1903.
Posted on 6/30/2026:
- Dr. Colrat’s Chamber-Couveuse at the Lyon Charité
- Colrat, Paul. “Nouvelle couveuse pour enfants.” 1896.
- Die „Kinderbrutanstalt“ auf der Berliner Gewerbe-Ausstellung, Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, October 11, 1896.
- “Bericht über die Couveuse (Lion) oder Kinderbrutanstalt” [Report about the Lion Incubator], from Berlin und seine Arbeit – Amtlicher Bericht der Berliner Gewerbe-Ausstellung 1896. Herausgegeben vom Arbeits-Ausschuss. Verlag Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen), Berlin 1898. [Berlin and Its Industry. Official Report of the Berlin Trade Exhibition, 1896. Published by the Working Committee. Publisher: Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen), Berlin, 1898]
- Main post about the Berliner Gewerbeausstellung of 1896 was updated and expanded using current sources
Posted on 6/28/2026:
- The Incubator and Gavage at the Paris Maternité: Four Founding Papers, 1883–1898
- Hutinel and Delestre – Les Couveuses aux Enfants-Assistés
- Hutinel, P. and Delestre, M.: Les Couveuses aux Enfants-Assistés, part 1. Annales de Médecine et Chirurgie Infantiles, Tome III, 1899. Source: Google Books.
- Hutinel, P. and Delestre, M.: Les Couveuses aux Enfants-Assistés, part 2. Annales de Médecine et Chirurgie Infantiles, Tome III, 1899. Source: Google Books.
- English summary
Posted on 6/26/2026:
- La Goutte de Lait – the work of Leon Dufour
- Foundational Works in Newborn Care and Puericulture
- Works added to “Classic Books and Articles”
- Auvard, A.: Nouveau modèle de couveuse pour enfants, Arch. de Tocologie, 1890.
- Ballantyne, J. W.: Manual of Antenatal Pathology and Hygiene: The Foetus, 1902. Source: Internet Archive.
- Ballantyne, J. W.: Manual of Antenatal Pathology and Hygiene: The Embryo, 1904. Source: Google Books.
- Dufour, Leon: Comment on crée une Goutte de lait, pamphlet,1902. Source: Biblioteca Online of the Fundação Aboim Sande Lemos, Lisbon
- Dufour, Leon: À Fécamp : quarante ans de lutte contre la mortalité infantile, 1881–1921. La Goutte de lait, 1894–1921. Résultats. La Presse médicale, 1921. Source: BIU Santé.
- Dufour, Leon: La diphtérie à Fécamp: contribution à l’hygiène des villes, 1888. Source: Gallica.
- Caron, A.: Introduction a la Puériculture et l’Hygiène de la Première Enfance, 1865. Source: Google Books.
- Budin, Pierre: De la puériculture après la naissance, 1900. 10th Congrès International d’Hygiène et Démographie, Paris. Source: Cnum.
- Pinard, M. A.: Hygiène de la femme enceinte. — De la puériculture intra-utérine, 1900. 10th Congrès International d’Hygiène et Démographie, Paris. Source: Cnum.
- Pinard, M. A.: Note pour servir à l’histoire de la puériculture., Revue d’hygiène, 20 Dec. 1895. Source: BIU Santé. English summary.
- Parrot, J.: Clinique des Nouveau-Nés – L’Athrepsie, 1877. Source: Gallica.
- Tarnier, S. and Budin, P. Accouchement Prématuré Spontané, Chapter 22 of Traité de l’Art des Accouchements, Volume 2, 1888. Source: Google Books.
- Tarnier, S. and Chantreuil, J.: Physiologie et Hygiène de la Première Enfance, 1882. Source: Google Books.
- Variot, G.: Traité Pratique des Maladies des Enfants du Premier Age, 1921. Source: Gallica.
Posted on 6/23/2026:
- Exposition Nationale et Coloniale Rouen 1896
- English summary and impact analysis of Budin’s classic article Les Consultations de Nourrissons,
Posted on 6/21/2026:
- “Les Couveuses d’Enfants,” by Dr. Diffre, former Chef de Clinique at the Faculty of Medicine Montpellier
- Part 1, Nouveau Montpellier Medical, May 9, 1896 Source: retronews.fr
- Part 2, Nouveau Montpellier Medical, May 15, 1896 Source: retronews.fr
- English summary
Posted on 6/18/2026:
Posted on 6/10/2026 –
- The Budin-Pinard Phantom or Obstetric Manikin – An obstetric simulator for midwifery training.
Posted on 5/19/2026:
Posted on 5/14/2026:
- “The Incubator Baby,” Nursing Times, November 10, 1906.
Posted on 5/11/2026:
Posted on 5/1/2026:
Posted on 4/29/2026:
- Alexandre Lion’s first incubator baby exhibit in Marseille, 1890.
- Asbury Park, New Jersey Incubator Exhibit
Posted on 4/25/2026:
- The Australian Federal International Exhibition of 1902-1903
- The Infant Incubator Company
- Dr. Alexandre Minkowski
Posted on 4/22/2026
Posted on 4/16/2026:
- “Incubator Babies,” by Mary Dabney Smith, R.N., American Journal of Nursing, 11(10):791-795, July 1911. Mary Smith was an organizer of the Jamestown 1907 incubator baby exhibition.
- Dr. Solomon Fischel
- Updated the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 1904 entry to include information about the Bleakley incubator baby kidnapping and subsequent litigation.
- Frasers Pier, Ocean Park, California
Posted on 4/14/2026:
Posted on 4/11/2026:
- The entry for the “Kinder-Brutanstalt” at the Berliner Gewerbeausstellung exposition of 1896 was expanded with stories about the incubator exhibit from Berlin newspapers.
- Irish International Exhibition of 1907
Posted on 4/7/2026:
- Madame Félicité Henry
- Dr. Ethel Collins Dunham
- Silverman, William A.: Dunham’s Premature Infants, Third Edition, 1961.
- Une Visite a la Maternité, La Femme, January 1, 1894. French original (source: Gallica), English translation.
Posted on 4/5/2026:
Posted on 4/2/2026:
- Dr. Michael Obladen
- Dr. Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia
- Dr. Graham Collingwood Liggins
- Dr. L. Joseph Butterfield
- Fetal Monitoring
- Antenatal Corticosteroids
Posted on 3/28/2026:
Posted on 3/23/2026:
Posted on 3/17/2026:
Posted on 3/5/2026:
Posted on 2/24/2026:
Posted or updated on 2/14/2026:
- The Bloxsom Air Lock
- Dr. George Gregory
- The BabyBird Ventilator
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
- The Chapple Incubator
- Radiant Warmers
- The Tarnier-Auvard-Budin Incubator
- The Hess Incubator
- Phototherapy
- Pulse Oximetry
Posted or updated on 2/2/2026:
- Incubators for Infants at La Maternité, Port Royal, Paris, from the London Illustrated News, March 8, 1884
- Patent 759612 for George H. How’s incubator, May 10, 1904.
- Lion Incubator Patent 201550, 1889
- Lion Incubator Patent 221716, 1892
Posted or updated on 1/28/2026:
- Infant deaths at an incubator exhibit at the Kentucky State Fair in 1910.
- Exposition Internationale Urbaine de Lyon, 1914
Posted or updated on 1/14/2026:
Posted or updated on December 31, 2025:
- Du Nouveau-Né – part 4 of Manuel Pratique d’Accouchement et d’Allaitement, by P. Budin and L. Demelin, 1904. Source: Gallica
- Inauguration de la Fondation P. Budin, from Journal de l’Association Medicale Mutuelle, June 10, 1909. Source: Gallica
- Pierre Budin, by Dr. J. W. Ballantyne, from Transactions of the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society, November 13, 1907. Source: Google Books.
- La Consultation de Nourrissons, from Dépopulation et Puériculture, by Paul Strauss, 1901. Source: Gallica
- Des Consultations de nourrissons, leurs résultats, by Pierre Budin, from Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médicine, June 12, 1906. Source: Gallica
- Service des enfants débiles à la maternité. Année 1895 by Pierre Budin. Source: Gallica
- Service des enfants débiles à la maternité. Année 1896-1897 by Pierre Budin. Source: Gallica
- Le professeur S. Tarnier, 1828-1897 by Paul Bar, 1897. Source: Gallica.
Posted or updated on December 21, 2025:
- The Premature Infant – Part 1, by Morris Gleich, Archives of Pediatrics, 1942.
Posted or updated on October 4, 2025:
- Der Scheintod der Neugeborenen, Dr. Ludwig Knapp, 1898.
Change history for 2022 and earlier.
Last Updated on 10/25/26